Artificial intelligence has revolutionized robotics, transforming machines from programmed automata into adaptive, learning systems capable of complex real-world interactions. Modern industrial robots employ computer vision systems processing camera and sensor inputs at 30-60 frames per second, enabling precise object recognition, quality inspection, and adaptive manipulation. Deep learning algorithms trained on millions of images recognize parts, defects, and assembly configurations with accuracy exceeding 99.5%. Collaborative robots (cobots) work safely alongside humans using force-torque sensors and AI-driven motion planning that predicts and avoids collisions while optimizing task execution. Reinforcement learning enables robots to acquire skills through trial and error, with simulated training in virtual environments (sim- to-real transfer) accelerating learning before physical deployment. Autonomous mobile robots navigate warehouses and factories using simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms fusing lidar, camera, and inertial measurement data, while path planning algorithms optimize routes considering dynamic obstacles and task priorities. Service robotics applications span healthcare (surgical assistance, patient care, rehabilitation), agriculture (harvesting, weeding, livestock monitoring), and domestic environments (cleaning, elderly assistance). Humanoid robots incorporate natural language processing for verbal interaction, facial recognition for personalized responses, and whole-body motion control achieving human-like locomotion and manipulation. Emerging capabilities include multi-robot coordination for complex tasks, cloud robotics sharing knowledge across robot fleets, and soft robotics using compliant materials for safe interaction. Manufacturing integration achieves productivity gains of 20-30% while reducing error rates and workplace injuries.