Electric vehicles have emerged as the primary pathway for decarbonizing personal and commercial transportation, with global sales exceeding 14 million units annually. Modern EVs employ lithium-ion battery packs (40-100 kWh capacity) powering electric motors with efficiencies exceeding 90%, delivering ranges of 300-500 kilometers per charge. Battery technology continues advancing with developments in nickel-cobalt- manganese (NCM) and lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) chemistries optimizing energy density, safety, and cost. Fast-charging infrastructure enables 80% charge in 20-30 minutes using 150-350 kW DC chargers, though widespread deployment requires substantial electrical grid upgrades. Battery swap stations offer an alternative approach, replacing depleted batteries with fully charged units in under 5 minutes, eliminating range anxiety and reducing vehicle purchase costs through battery-as-a-service models. Swap station infrastructure includes automated robotic systems that lift vehicles, release battery packs through standardized connection points, and insert charged batteries from inventory modules maintaining 50-100 batteries at various charge states. This approach proves particularly valuable for commercial fleets (taxis, delivery vehicles, buses) where downtime directly impacts economics. Swap standardization requires industry collaboration on battery dimensions, connection interfaces, and thermal management systems. Economic viability depends on high utilization rates (150+ swaps daily), strategic location placement along high-traffic corridors, and integration with renewable energy for charging cycles. Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities allow bidirectional power flow, enabling EV batteries to stabilize electrical grids during peak demand while generating revenue for owners.